Essay about Analysis of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Epic Poem...

Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s epic poem Ulysses is composed as a dramatic monologue, consisting of four stanzas each of which frankly discuss the speakers current situation and yearning for adventure. The use of iambic pentameter provides a sense of fluidity to the speaker’s voice. The speaker reveals himself to be the protagonist of the poem with the opening line â€Å"It little profits that an idle king† (1). The use of the word â€Å"idle† offers the first clue as to one of the main themes of the poem. Tennyson much like the protagonist of his poem feels the need to move on, in life. The period in which the poem was wrote, many sociable changes where occurring in Victorian England, the effects of the industrial revolution where being†¦show more content†¦We discover Ulysses after the famous battle of Troy and his twenty year hiatus from his kingdom of Ithaca. Tennysons decision to use the Latin spelling of the name is explained in Robbins critique; The poet finds the inspiration for his speaker’s mood and attitude in Homer’s Odysseus and Dante’s Ulysses, especially the later, whose mode of utterance in the inferno suggests form and feeling of Tennysons poem. (Tennysons Ulysses: The Significance of the Homeric and Dantesque Backgrounds. 177-93) Stanza’s one and two are relatively short in comparison to the third and forth stanzas, when examined closely the reasoning behind the decision to use Dantes Ulysses becomes apparent. The speaker provides little detail and discuss’ his wife and the citizens of Ithaca as if they where inconsequential, his wife is described as aged and the people of Ithaca are described as â€Å"a savage race, / That hoard, and sleep, and feed. A number of critics compare Tennyson’s own personal predicament to that of Ulysses, Nohrnberg explains how; â€Å"Alfred Tennyson attributed Ulysses’ determination to persevere up to the last, in â€Å"Ulysses,† to his own resolute choice in favor of life and survival upon the traumatic news of the death of friend, soul-mate, and intending future brother-in-law Arthur Hallam (1833).† (Eight Reflections ofShow MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesquick overview of poetry analysis. Please note that this handout discusses the basics of poetry; there is much more to know about it than there is room to discuss here. Laurence Perrine s book LITERATURE: STRUCTURE, SOUND, AND SENSE can provide more detailed information about poetry analysis. Until you can get a copy of the book, I hope this page helps you begin your poetry analysis work. What is poetry ? Poetry goes beyond the rhyming of words. The object of writing a poem is usually to make aRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesthinly disguised representation of the author, poet, or playwright creating a work. 5. anaphora: repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginnings of successive clauses. †¢ The Lord sits above the water floods. The Lord remains a King forever. The Lord shall give strength to his people. The lord shall give his people the blessings of peace. -Ps. 29 †¢ â€Å"Let us march to the realization of the American dream. Let us march on segregated housing. Let us march on segregated schools. Let

Performance Enhancing Drugs Steroids, Androstenedione,...

Performance Enhancing Drugs In today’s world, sports have become more and more about winning than the game itself. Success within sports not only comes with status, but popularity and fame as well. The want and need to succeed in athletics has driven great athletes to take illegal measures to give themselves an edge over their competition. Performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids, androstenedione, and ephedra alkaloids are all used by athletes to take the shortcut to success and bypass all the hard work that success takes. Although performance enhancing drugs do enhance an athlete’s performance, at the same time they do more harm than good to the human body. Some of these side effects include hypertension, heart disease, liver disease, acne, high LDL, and â€Å"roid rage† are just some of the many problems that come with PED’s. Not only do these drugs bring along many health problems but can be lethal as well. Many people believe that PED’s should be allowed becau se athletes are only doing it for their own good. Professional athletes are not the only ones abusing the easy way out, high school and college athletes are starting to do the same to earn a scholarship to a Division-1 school or landing that big time contract with a professional team. All in all, it’s just not the right thing to do; success from hard work is a lot sweeter than the success from cheating. Performance enhancing drugs must be outlawed in all aspects of professional sports for the future ofShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1645 Words   |  7 Pagesrules by using performance enhancing drugs each year. Performance enhancing drugs help athletes to becomes bigger, faster, and overall better at their individual sport. This process is called doping. Doping can be defined as using drugs and various substances to better perform at a particular task. Furthermore, these athletes act in the moment and fail to see all aspects of these performance e nhancing drugs. Contradictorily, some individuals argue that performance enhancing drugs should in fact beRead MoreSports Athletes Should Not Be Banned993 Words   |  4 Pagesin athletics has driven great athletes to take illegal measures to give themselves an edge over their competition. Performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids, androstenedione, and ephedra alkaloids are all used by athletes to take the shortcut to success and bypass all the hard work that success takes. Although performance enhancing drugs do enhance an athlete’s performance, at the same time they do more harm than good to the human body. Some of these side effects include hypertension,Read MoreEssay about Professional Athletes and Enhacer Drugs1338 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that 95% of professional athletes take enhancer drugs? There are many people in the NFL (National Football League) and MLB (Major League Baseball) that take more drugs than any other sport. I hate how athletes to day take enhancement drugs to make them better in sports. (The use of performance-enhancing drugs is becoming relatively mainstream. Approximately 3 million people in the United States have used anabolic steroids (Silver 2001), with usage rates as high as 12% among young menRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs And Supplements Plague The Athletic Playing Field Worldwide2011 Words   |  9 PagesHistorical National Football League coach and manager Vince Lombardi once said, â€Å"Winning isn t everything--but wanting to win is†. The want to win, is real; it is embodied by the usage of performance enhancing drugs. Blood doping increases the count of red blood cells in the body, anabolic steroids accelerate the growth of muscle and strengthen the bones, and stimulants increase alertness, competitiveness, aggressiveness and reduce fatigue. All of these materials have clear benefits but the health

The Rise of Colonialism and its Impact on Modern Society Free Essays

In the middle of the 1 5th century, as the Roman Empire was weakening, the fall of Constantinople marked a bigger impact than anyone could have considered. The Ottoman Empire had reign to advance into the Mediterranean, and that meant that traveling east on land was not an option. With the Renaissance about to emerge, it became a springboard for the development of advanced ships. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Colonialism and its Impact on Modern Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now This marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration and Colonialism. The Europeans had every advantage. Their immune system had seen all the diseases in the Old World, while he native conquered people’s immune system had only seen a few diseases. The Europeans had far more superior crops and domesticated animals. Cows, pigs, and chicken are considered super animals compared to their wild counterparts, although the wild counterparts do not even exist in the New World. The same could be said for rice, barley, and wheat. The New World had never seen these types of food. The conquered spent their days looking for sustenance while the Europeans were developing guns and telescopes. Because the backbone of the European nations was so developed and stable, their technology and power skyrocketed. With the power, colonization and slavery thrived. From Africa and Asia to the New World, pockets of colonies emerged and developed. Often conquering the entire continent, the colonizers went to work to extract what they thought was important. There were no rights for the conquered. They were in the European man’s world and had to go along for the ride. Racial prejudice rears its ugly head throughout the two World Wars and exists even today. The concept of racism was developed during the Age of Colonialism. The thought that any particular type of person based on looks and color was better did not exist ecause it is not true. But during and after the Age of Colonialism, racism was taught to Europeans and enforced to non-Europeans. Europeans thought that looks and color of the Anglos meant more trustworthiness and intelligence. Unfortunately, the majority of Europeans did not realize that trustworthiness and intelligence are both learned behaviors, and that non-Europeans were taught to be â€Å"uncivilized†. With the conviction of superiority, the Europeans subdued and dominated regions throughout the planet. Africa, in particular, has a long history of colonization from the Europeans. Conquest is defined as the subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by the use of military force. Major parts of Africa were conquered by the Europeans since ancient times. From the 7th century, Arab trade with sub-Saharan Africa led to a gradual colonization of East Africa, around Zanzibar and other bases. Although trans-Saharan trade led to a small number of West African cities developing Arab quarters, these were not intended as colonies, and while Morocco attempted to conquer areas of the Sahel in the Moroccan war, it was soon forced to withdraw its troops atter pillaging the area. Early European expeditions concentrated on colonizing previously uninhabited islands such as the Cape Verde Islands and S ¤o Tom © Island, or establishing coastal forts as a base for trade. These forts often developed areas of influence along coastal strips, but, with the exception of the Senegal River, the vast interior of Africa was not colonized and was little-known to Europeans until the late 19th century. Vincent Khapoya mentions Ali Mazrui’s three interrelated broad reasons for European exploration of Africa: to increase knowledge, to spread Christianity and to increase national esteem. European enslavement of Africans, and visa-versa, existed along the coasts of East and West Africa since ancient times. The business exploded, however, after the Age of Colonialism was under way. During what was called by the European powers as, â€Å"The Scramble for Africa,† colonization was motivated by the European hunger for African resources. The subsequent exploitation of the African people and the uprooting of their spiritual values by Christian missionaries would leave a permanent European stamp on the continent. Britain took the largest piece of the African cake, rom Cairo to Cape Town, in addition to Nigeria and a few West African regions. It was also the British Empire that in 1894, imposed an arbitrary boundary around the many diverse ethnic groups and kingdoms that would make up modern day Uganda. By exploiting linguistic, ethnic, and cultural differences between the different ethnic groups, Britain’s divide and rule policies created tensions between the divided ethnic groups that helped maintain British rule. Officially, between 1884 and 1906 the Congo was controlled by a company entirely owned by King Leopold. The area was referred to as the ‘Belgian Free State. Until the end of the 1800s this company primarily exported ivory and palm-oil, a lubricant, from the Congo. Only a small profit was made from these products. At the end of the century, however, the world discovered rubber. Soon everyone wanted it to make tires, hoses, tubes, valves and many other products. Rubber is produced from a latex ‘sap’ that came either from a tree or a vine, both of which grew exceptionally well in the Congo Jungle. Because of the new demand, the Belgian companies began demanding massive amounts of rubber from the Jungle and forced the natives to find massive amounts of it and eliver it to them. King Leopold became incredibly wealthy from the sale of rubber and the Congo paid the price. The method that most harvesters used to get the sap destroyed the trees and vines they took it from. Soon the Belgians began to hire soldiers to make sure that the natives produced the raw material. They threatened them with starvation, mutilation or even death if they did not produce enough rubber. Many times they followed through with the threats. Between the 1880s and 1903 the population of the Congo was reduced from over 20 million people to about 8. 5 million. Joseph Conrad, an author who was there during this time, in his book Heart of Darkness, best illustrated what was going on there when one character on his death bed comments on the situation by simply saying: â€Å"the horror, the horror. The term ‘imperialism’ should not be confused with ‘colonialism’. Robert Young writes that imperialism operates from the center, it is a state policy, and is developed for ideological as well as financial reasons whereas colonialism is nothing more than development for settlement or commercial intentions. The Age of Imperialism was a ime period beginning around 1700 when modern, relatively developed nations were taking over less developed areas, colonizing them, or intluencing them in order to expand their own power. Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years, the term â€Å"Age of Imperialism† generally refers to the activities of nations such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States in the early 18th through the middle 20th centuries, the â€Å"The Great Game† in Persian lands, the â€Å"Scramble for Africa† and the â€Å"Open Door Policy† in China. Genocide is the eliberate or systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, caste, religious, or national group. The Germans decided that certain ethnic groups were to be eradicated in Namibia. German Lieutenant-General Lothar von Trotha said, ‘l wipe out rebellious tribes with streams of blood and streams of money. Only following this cleansing can something new emerge’. Von Trotha brought with him to German South West Africa 10,000 heavily-armed men and a plan for war. During the period of colonization and oppression, many women were used as sex slaves. â€Å"To receive omen and children, most of them ill, is a serious danger to the German troops. And to feed them is impossible. I find it appropriate that the nation perishes instead of infecting our soldiers. † In the Herero work camps there were numerous children born to these abused women, and a man called Eugen Fischer, who was interested in genetics, came to the camps to study them. He decided that each mixed-race child was physically and mentally inferior to its German father and wrote a book promoting his ideas: â€Å"The Principles of Human Heredity and Race Hygiene†. Adolf Hitler read it hile he was in prison in 1923, and cited it in his own infamous pursuit of â€Å"racial purity’. We can see a trend that follows. For the colonized, life became a living hell. For the colonizers, life became extravagant and easy. These give and take relationships created the modern global economy that we have today. The scars of the past still haunt the wounds of today. Third world countries are still struggling for survival while the well fed first world nations are aligning themselves together to maintain their dominance. While the obvious means of colonization may not be visible, the same characters are in control. How to cite The Rise of Colonialism and its Impact on Modern Society, Papers

Harvey Norman and JB Hi-Fi financial compariosn free essay sample

The main aim of this assignment is to present an exploration of two major parts of financial statements i. e. Statement of Comprehensive income and statement of financial position. This is done by comparing elements of Balance Sheet and income statement of two separate companies and discussing similarities and difference of Presentation and Disclosures of these two separate organizations. Furthermore, discussing different methods adopted by two separate entities to measure Assets and Liabilities. Along with key strengths and weaknesses demonstrated by the Balance sheet of organizations. For this purpose we will use key ratios to identify difference between different periods presented in Balance sheet of Organizations. Along with the Balance Sheet, we will also discuss structure of Income statement of two separate organizations, and methods to recognize Income and expenses over a period of three years. Moreover, we will analyze strengths and weaknesses of these entities as revealed from Income statement. In the end, we will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the entities from cash flow perspective. Introduction of Companies: JB Hi-Fi Limited: The business was established in 1974 by Mr. John Barbuto (JB), trading from a single store in East Keilor, Victoria. He had one simple philosophy: to deliver a specialist range of Hi-Fi and recorded music at Australias lowest prices. The business was sold in 1983 and by 1999 another nine stores were opened. In July 2000 JB Hi-Fi was purchased by private equity bankers and senior management with the aim of taking the successful model nationally. In October 2003, JB Hi-Fi was floated on the Australian Stock Exchange. Now, maintaining Barbutos original philosophy, JB is one of Australasias fastest growing and largest retailers of home entertainment. In July 2004, JB bought the Queensland Clive Anthony chain of stores which sell consumer electronics, white goods, cooking appliances and air-conditioning. JB stores offer the worlds leading brands of Hi-Fi Speakers, Televisions, DVDs, VCRs, Cameras, Car Sound, Home Theatre, Computers and Portable Audio and continues to stock an exclusive range of specialist Hi-Fi products. JB Hi-Fi also offers the largest range of video games, recorded music, DVD music and DVD movies with over 50,000 CDs and most major studio DVD releases, all at cheap prices. Customers are able to buy online from huge range of CDs, DVDs, and games. (JB Feb 07, 2002) Harvey Norman Limited: Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is a listed company whose shares are traded on the Australian Stock Exchange. Main activities comprise of a combined retail, property enterprise and franchising. Harvey Norman’s prime activities are, Computers Communications, Electrical components, House hold appliances, Furniture, Lighting, carpet flooring. Harvey Norman stores are present in New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Singapore, Malaysia and Slovenia. They turned out to be a domestic brand name and people are familiar with this brand. Purpose of Financial Statements: The purpose of financial statements is to deliver information about the financial position, performance and changes cash flow position of an entity that is beneficial to a wide range of stakeholders in taking financial and investment decisions. A complete set of financial statements consists of Statement of Financial Position commonly known as Balance Sheet, Statement of Comprehensive Income commonly known as Income Statement, Statement of changes in equity, Statement of Cash flow and Notes to the accounts. Users of financial statements include broad categories such as Shareholders, Employees, Suppliers and Government Authorities such as ATO and ASX. Financial Statement should provide true and fair position of the organization’s financial position and performance and cash flow situation for a specific time period. Furthermore, financial statements should be understandable by users of financial statements. Relevance is another vital factor for financial statements to be useful for users. One of the most important factors is reliability of financial statements. Reliability is further ensured by audit of financial statements. At last but not least, financial statements should be made in a comparable format either with previous periods or with the competitors. Balance Sheet: Balance sheet displays the financial position of an organization at a specific time. Financial Position is demonstrated using the fundamental Accounting Equation, i. e. Assets= Liabilities + Equity. Assets and liabilities are bifurcated in current and non-current. Current asset is defined as any asset which can be converted into cash readily and will be used within one accounting period normally 1 year e. g. Receivables, Inventory, Prepaid Expenses. While current liabilities are liabilities which are to be settled within one accounting period or 12 months. Equity is the internal claim of shareholders over the assets of organization. Equity portion of Statement of Financial Position contains mostly but not limited to Common Stock and Retained Earnings. Statement of Comprehensive Income: Statement of Comprehensive income contains information relating to the performance of an organization over a specified time period. Performance means the revenue generation and expense related to all these activities and in the end Net Income generated from these operations. Statement of Cash Flow: Balance sheet and Income statement is based on Accrual Accounting System. Accrual accounting method is a technique that measures the performance and position of an organization by identifying financial occurrences irrespective of when cash transactions take place. But the issue with is that cash is also an important indicator of liquidity position of company. Without positive liquidity the company’s â€Å"Going Concern† is in uncertainty which is the basic assumption for preparation of Financial Statements. This is the reason for providing a separate report revealing Cash Flow position of an organization. Cash Flow statement demonstrates all the cash inflows and outflows of a company for a specific time period. Structure of Balance Sheet: The structure of Statement of Balance Sheet / Financial Position is relatively same in all entity. Statement of financial position is prepared in accordance with framework i. e. International Accounting Standards guidelines. There are some similarities and differences observed in Balance Sheet of Harvey Norman Ltd and JB Hi-Fi Limited. These are described as follows: Similarities: The current assets of Harvey Norman Limited and JB Hi-Fi Limited included all the usual basic elements i. e. Inventory, Accounts Receivables, Cash and equivalents. Non-current assets of both Harvey Norman Limited and JB Hi-Fi Limited included PPE along with Intangible assets and Deferred Tax Asset. Current Liabilities of Harvey Norman included items such as Interest bearing loans, Trade and other payables, Current Tax Liability, Borrowings, provisions and other liabilities. Evidently these all elements were present in Current liability portion of JB Hi-Fi Limited. Non-current Liability Portion of Harvey Norman Limited and JB Hi-Fi Limited have similar items such as Long Term Borrowings, Provisions, Deferred Income Tax Liability, Provisions and Other liabilities. Equity of both companies was same and included elements such as Contributed Equity, Reserves and Retained Earnings. Differences: Current assets of Harvey Norman Ltd include other financial assets which are not included in JB Hi-Fi Limited. This consists of investment mainly in securities. Harvey Norman Ltd’s Non-current assets include â€Å"Investment accounted for using equity accounting method† which represents investment in Associates. JB Hi-Fi Ltd does not have any investment in Associate. Investment property is included in Non-current assets of Harvey Norman which is not part of JB Hi-Fi Ltd. Methods used to Measure Assets and Liabilities: IFRS and Australian GAAPs allow organizations to measure asset and liabilities in a number of ways. Generally asset and liabilities are measured by the Historic Cost method, Current Cost method, Realizable Value method and Present value model. These methods of measuring assets and liabilities are mentioned in the accounting policies and estimates portion of Annual report of both Harvey Norman Ltd and JB Hi-Fi Ltd. Harvey Norman Ltd measure its â€Å"Investment properties† on Fair Value model, Investment in associate is measured by Equity accounting method which is a derivative of fair value model. PPE is presented at historical cost subtract accumulated depreciated less any impairment losses. Certain classes of PPE are valued on fair value model. Fair value is determined by reference to market-based evidence, which is the amount for which the assets could be exchanged between a knowledgeable willing buyer and a knowledgeable willing seller in an arms length transaction as at the valuation date.(victoriasmilling. com Oct 10, 2012) Non-financial assets are valued at Fair Value model and an impairment test is conducted at the start of each financial period to calculate any impairment to the financial assets. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the instance of loans and borrowings, directly attributable transaction costs. The consolidated entity’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, bank overdrafts, loans and borrowings and derivative financial instruments. (victoriasmilling.com Oct 10, 2012) JB Hi-Fi Limited recognizes Leasehold PPE at historical cost less accumulated depreciated less impairment losses Trade and other payables are stated at amortized cost while Non-current liabilities are measured at fair value. Strength and Weakness from Balance Sheet point of View: Horizontal Analysis: With a head to head analysis of Balance sheet for previous three annual financial years of Harvey Norman Ltd total assets in 2011 stood at a level of $4 Billion which reduced by a substantial 1. 3% in year 2012 and finally sustained at a level of $4.  065 Billion hence increasing assets by a total of 2. 86 % in year 2013. A brief summary of this analysis is given as follows. In case of JB Hi-Fi Ltd the picture is different. JBH managed to raise its total assets at a level of $534 million in year 2012 from $500 million in year 2011 with an increase of 6. 5%. In year 2013 this level increased by 5. 5% to a level of $563 million. A brief summary of this analysis is given as follows Vertical Analysis: Vertical analysis provides us ratios which can be useful to assess the position in a given year. 2011: JBH’s current ratio in 2011 was at a level of 1.44, quick ratio 0. 27, Inventory turnover was 13. 75%, Price-to-Earnings ratio 13. 77, while Harvey Norman’s current ratio was 1. 63 times, quick ratio 1. 29 times, and inventory turn-over 13. 23% and Price-to-earning stood at 11. 29. 2012: JBH’s current ratio in 2012 was at a level of 1. 21, quick ratio 0. 24, Inventory turnover 13. 69% and price to earnings ratio stood at a level of 8. 36. In the same year Harvey Norman’s current ratio was 1. 63, quick ratio 1. 34, inventory turnover 11. 20% and Price to earnings ratio was 10. 46. 2013: In year 2013 JBH’s current ratio was 1.27, current ratio 0. 31; inventory turnover was 12. 88% and price to earnings ratio w as14. 36. HVN’s same ratio was 1. 83, 1. 51, 12% and 13. 30 respectively for year 2013. Other financial ratios for JBH and HVN for year 2011, 2012 and 2013 were as follows. Income Statement: Structure of Income statement is provided in guidelines provided by International Financial Reporting Standards and Australian GAAPs. Some similarities and difference between Harvey Norman and JB Hi-Fi Limited are defined below. Similarities: Both JBH and HVN have presented the income statement with parts, i. e. Income from operations and Other Comprehensive Income. The main format of overall statement of comprehensive income is similar which includes Revenue and direct and indirect expenses i. e. Cost of Goods sold, Administration expenses, Distribution and marketing expenses etc. Profit from operations has been distributed between Parent and Non-controlling interest in both JBH and HVN. Differences: HVN’s statement of comprehensive income has been divided between â€Å"Continuing operations† and â€Å"Discontinued Operation†, while there is no such distinction in JBH’s statement of comprehensive income. HVN’s Other comprehensive include Foreign Currency translations, Fair value gain on available for sale investment, Fair value revaluation gains on property plant and equipment and Cash flow hedges, while JBH’s OCI include Foreign currency Translation reserve and cash flow hedges. Strength and Weakness Analysis from Income Statement point of view: Horizontal Analysis: Horizontal analysis of JBH reveals Revenue of $2. 9 Billion in year 2011 while a healthy increase in year 2012 of 5. 69% to take revenue to a level of $3. 12 Billion. In year 2013 revenue increased consistently by 5.77% and reached a level of $3. 3 Billion. The major reason behind this consistent increase is said to be the consistent advertisement and marketing strategy. Graphical presentation is given below. During the same period HVN’s revenue figures were $1. 55 Billion, $1. 40 Billion and $1. 32 Billion in year 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Other figure of Harvey Norman and JB Hi-Fi Ltd are s hown in the table. Statement of Cash Flow: International Financial Reporting Standards and Australian GAAPs allow methods for preparation of financial statements i. e. direct method and indirect method. Both methods will provide the same ending cash balance. The only difference between Direct and Indirect method is that Direct methods deals with direct cash payments and cash receipts, while indirect method use indirect calculation of cash beginning from profit after tax. JB Hi-Fi Ltd and Harvey Norman Ltd both use direct method for the preparation of Statement of cash flows. Horizontal Analysis: Net Operating Cash Flow: Operating cash flow of JB Hi Fi Ltd stood at positive $109 million in 2011 which increased to $215 million in year 2012, almost 96% increase. In 2013 this cash flow reduced by 27% to end at a balance of $156 million. While Operating cash flow of HVN was positive $358 million in year 2011, $200 million in 2012 and finally $239 million in 2013, showing a decrease of 44% in 2011 and an increase of 19% in year 2013. Net Investing Cash Flow: In year 2011 net cash flow from investing activities of JBH remained at a level of negative $43. 9 million and decrease by 2% to sustain at a level of $44. 8 million in 2012. In year 2013 this cash outflow decreased by 14. 56% at a level of $38 Million. Harvey Norman Ltd’s net investing cash flow was outflow of $366 million in year 2011, which decreased by a drastic 53% in year 2012 having net cash outflow at $171 million. In year 2013 this outflow increased due to new investments at a level of $208 million hence increasing by 21% from last year. Net Financing Cash Flow: HVN obtained a positive cash flow of $25. 5 million in year 2011 which converted into negative cash flow of $8. 5 million in the next year, while in year 2013 this outflow increased enormously and remained at $46. 5 million. JBH demonstrated negative cash flows in all three years. In 2011 JBH paid off $90 million in financing activities which increased to a level of $157 million in year 2012. In the latest year JBH paid off $91 million dollars for financing activities. Vertical Analysis: Net cash flow from operating activities remained at a level of positive $109 million in year 2011. The major contributor of this cash flow is the increased cash receipts from the accounts receivables. Interestingly Revenue of JBH was around $2 Billion while the receipts from customers remained at a level of $3 Billion and the receivables were also consistent, which is evidence of the great recovery time of accounts receivable. Investing activities showed a cash outflow of $43 million in year 2011, while the financing cash was $90 million outflow which is evidence that investment activities were supported from cash generated from Operating activities. This is a healthy indication of a company’s growth. Conclusion Recommendations: Both JB Hi-Fi Ltd and Harvey Norman are growing actively and have a good expansion strategy and it is evident in all three parts of financial statements discussed above. Harvey Norman’s main strength lies within its Investment property operation, while JB Hi-Fi Ltd is aggressively growing from an acquisition policy. But rapid expansion can be dangerous for organizations who do not handle key issues faced by organizations during growth phase. During growth sudden changes are made in organization structures which the employees could not cope with and lose morale and hence declining the organizations growth. This case can be linked with JBH’s hostile takeover policy. Management should take steps to manage changes in smaller organization and maintaining an overall company environment in all aspects. Here the key is introduction of accounting policies and controls to newly acquired organizations. Harvey Norman Ltd is investing heavily in investment property as part of its forward and backward integration policy to acquire good investment property and use it for its own outlet purpose or earning revenue through rental income. Investment properties are apparently safe investments but sometimes these properties are only acquired on speculation basis of future development of a part of a city or town. There is a certain risk that these speculations will not fulfill its requirement and hence affecting the investment for HVN. Care should be taken when making such decisions.

Anatomy of the Human Chest

Introduction The chest is a cavity in the upper region of the body located between the neck and the waist or the abdomen. In human beings, it is commonly known as the thoraxic cavity. The chest’s major function is to protect the major organs in the body found in the thorax. The heart and lungs are the major organs protected by the chest (Wijkstrom-Frei, El-Chemaly, Ali-Rachedi 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Anatomy of the Human Chest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are many other organs in the region, including the major and minor pectoral muscles, trapezius muscles, the neck muscles and part of the spine. The chest itself is supported and protected by various muscles covering the ribcage, the spine, and shoulders. All these organs and muscles function together to ensure proper body function. To understand the structure and importance of the chest, a study of the various organs fou nd in the chest paramount. For the purpose of this study, emphasis will be given to the heart as the ‘engine’ of blood circulation and the organs of the respiratory system such as the lungs, the trachea and diaphragm (Frank, Netter Carlos 2007). The Heart Structure and Function The heart is located in the middle of the thorax (mediastinum) between the lungs and is more inclined to the left below the sternum. This is because the left half is bigger because it is responsible for pumping blood to the whole body. Because of this reason, the left lung is smaller than the right one (Romer, Parsons Thomas 1997). The Heart cells (called cardiomyocytes) develop into muscle fibers that aid in the conduction of electrical impulses. The first and prime organ in the chest is the heart. It is about the size of a clenched fist and is located between the lungs in a camber that is well protected by the rib cage. It is made of a special muscle called the cardiac muscle and is the only organ that has that kind of muscle (Jardins 2012). The heart slows or speeds in response to automatic signals from the brain, in line to the needs of the body. It has the sole work of ensuring that every cell in the body gets the necessary nutrients and oxygen needed for sustenance. It does this by pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs and nutrients from the alimentary canal to the cells. Once the waste products and the carbon dioxide are released, the heart then helps to pump this blood back to the lungs and kidneys where carbon dioxide and urea are emitted respectively. Analogically, the heart is the organ that sustains life (Jardins 2011). The heart works automatically throughout the human life. The heart is made up of three muscles or layers.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The function of the outer part of the heart (the pericardium) is to keep the heart in its right pos ition. The pericardium has two functional and structural layers. The first layer is a fibrous pericardium made up of great vessels and a posterior surface of the sternum and majorly supports the heart in its position. The inner layer of the pericardium is also made up of two layers (Guyton Hall 2006). The outer layer is called the parietal layer. I functions by providing coverage to the outer fibrous sac and the inner or visceral layer. In turn, the visceral layer covers the heart muscle. When the heart beats, the serous membrane produces serous fluid in the space between the visceral and parietal layers. This fluid is functionally important because it minimizes the friction between the membranes (Travis, Conway Zabner 1999). The middle layer of the heart is called the myocardium and it is made of a specialized muscle called the cardiac muscle. In addition, it is worth noting that this is the position in which blood circulation takes place. It is thickest in the left ventricle, th inner towards the right ventricle and thinnest in the artrium. The endocardium is the innermost lining of the heart, which is much thinner and smoother. This phenomenon is results from the nature of the flattened epithelial cells that cover the entire region, including the valves and line of the blood vessels (Jardins 2008). The Structure of the Heart The heart is partitioned into two regions- the left and the right side. A major muscle called the septum is the chief anatomical feature that provides this partitioning. Each of the two partitions is then divided an upper and lower chamber. The upper chambers are the auricles or atriums while the lower chambers are the ventricles. The auricles receive blood from the veins, while the ventricles expel it to the arteries (Campbell 2005). The artrio-ventricular valve separates the ventricles and artriums. These valves ensure the blood flow is in one direction from the auricles to the ventricles. The right valve is called the tricuspid and it has three flaps. The valve on the left is known as the mitral valve and has two flaps. The valves open with the blood pressure. However, they are prevented from opening the opposite way by the Chordate tendineae or cords found on the walls of the ventricles (Hicks 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Anatomy of the Human Chest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: Anatomy of the human heart (Jardins 2007) The Circulation of the blood The flow of the blood happens in three phases the first phase is called the pulmonary circulation. It is responsible for movement of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle via the pulmonary artery to the lungs and then the oxygenated blood is taken from the lungs to the left auricle of the heart via the pulmonary veins (Maton, Jean, Charles, McLaughlin, et al 1993). The pulmonary veins then take the blood to the left artrium. The second phase of blood circulation is known as the systemic circulation, which is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the body and then taking the deoxygenated blood back to the heart. It happens from the left ventricle then to the main artery or the aorta that then transports the blood to the rest of the body. It is then brought back to the right auricle via the superior and inferior venacava (Maton, et al 1993). The final phase of circulation is known as the portal circulation and which takes place in the digestive system from the spleen, pancreas and the gall bladder whose veins join to form the portal vein that then takes the blood to the liver and leaves via large hepatic veins that join the inferior Vena Cava to the heart (Marieb 2003). The structure of the Lungs In nature, the two human lungs are located on the chest region, each on one side of the heart. Although they are similar, the right lung has three lobes while the left one has two (Richardson, Randall Speck 2005). The lobes are divided into partitions, which are further subdivided to lobules. Each of the lung lobes is surrounded by the pleural cavity, which is made up of two pleurae. They are the parietal pleura that lie on the rib cage, and the visceral pleura that lie on the surface of the lungs (Frank, Netter Carlos 2007). The trachea branches to the two main bronchi in the left and the right lungs respectively (Cecie, Christine Lisa 2009). They then progressively divide to smaller of bronchi and bronchioles until subsequently the alveoli are reached.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gaseous exchange happens in the alveoli. The central nervous system, the diaphragm and chest wall muscle, and the circulatory system (Jardins 2007) coordinate the whole process. The muscular diaphragm controls breathing. This diaphragm is located at the bottom of the thorax. The diaphragm functions by contracting and relaxing, which increases the lungs ability to breathe in and out. The opposite happens when air is exhaled out through the nose (Macdonald 2009). The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins to be pumped back into systemic circulation (Crigg Johansen 1987). Figure 2: Anatomy of the Human lungs (Jardins 2012) Although a mention of the pleura has already been made, it is necessary to look at the anatomical aspect of them in a deeper manner. Anatomically, the pleura are serous membranes surrounding each of the two lungs. They are found in doubled-layers in nature and provide mechanical protection to the lungs. Noteworthy, the lungs are an important organ that provides a concise and maintained source of oxygen, an important gas required for various biochemical and physiological functions. In fact, living things can barely survive without oxygen. The connection between the lungs and the source of oxygen (the air) is a vital anatomical aspect worth discussion. The lungs must have a system and method of protecting themselves from irritants and other dangerous objects inhaled along with air. Therefore, it is worth looking at the upper respiratory region as a functional part of the chest anatomy. First, the inner linings of breathing tubes (bronchus and bronchioles) are covered with a layer of mucus-producing cells. Such cells produce a thin layer of mucus in form of phlegm. The phlegm is involved in trapping irritants inhaled along with the air before they reach the lungs. The phlegm, together with its contents, is then swept up the upper respiratory system towards the mouth. Noteworthy, the inner lining of the upper respiratory t ract, including the nose, have a large covering of cilia. The cilia, normally appearing as small hairs, aid in the exit of the mucus and its contents from the tubes to the mouth. The epiglottis is yet another important anatomical region worth discussion. It functions as a â€Å"gate† through which inhaled air passes on its way to the lungs. The epiglottis is highly innervated because it responds to the presence of irritants in the system. It is connected to the parasympathetic system for the function of ‘fight-or-flight’ mechanism. It must open up to allow an upwards sweep of undesired contents in the inhaled air. This is not a voluntary mechanism, which means that innervations are necessary. Bronchioles The bronchioles are major anatomical features in the chest region. Anatomically, they are small tubes that branch from the tertiary bronchi. It is worth noting that the difference between the two is based on their sizes. While the bronchioles are smaller, the bro nchi are relatively larger (Cecie, Christine Lisa 2009). In addition, the composition of their walls forms another source of anatomical difference. For instance, bronchioles have a dense composition of elastic fibers as well as smooth muscles. On the other hand, the bronchi have hyaline cartilaginous rings that make up the largest part of their walls. For the purpose of their functionality, the bronchioles have a potential to increase and decrease their diameter. When large volumes of oxygen are in demand within the body, the bronchioles must expand and increase their diameter, which allows an increase in the volume of air entering the lungs. In addition, the bronchioles can constrict in response to pollutants entering the system, which protects the lungs from infection and mechanical damage caused by irritants. The alveoli These are the chief anatomical parts of the lungs involved in the entry of air in and out of the lungs (Campbell 2005). They are found in alveolar sacs, some sm all clusters at the end of the bronchiole. They are hollow in nature, with a cup-like cavity surrounded by a large number of blood capillaries. Conclusion The study of the anatomy of the chest is very important because the importance of the heart and lungs is seen. These organs are most important in sustaining life. We are also able to know the structure of the chest and its other organs. References Campbell, R, 2005, Biology , Pearson Publishers, San Francisco Cecie, SL, Christine, E, Lisa, S 2009, Biology: Today and Tomorrow with Physiology, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH Crigg, G Johansen, K 1987, â€Å"Cardiovascular Dynamics In Crocodylus Porosus Breathing Air And During Voluntary Aerobic Dives,† Journal of Comparative Physiology vol. 157, no. 3, pp. 381–392. Frank, H, Netter, W Carlos, AG 2007, Regions and Planes of Adbomen: The Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy, Saunders, Belmont, CA Guyton, A Hall, J, 2006, Textbook of Medical Physiology, Elsevier Saunder, Ph iladelphia Hicks, G 2000, Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology, Cengage Learning, New Jersey Jardins, T 2007, Cardiopulmonary Anatomy Physiology: Essentials for Respiratory Care, Cengage Learning, New Jersey Jardins, T 2008, Workbook for Des Jardins’ Cardiopulmonary Anatomy Physiology, Cengage Learning, New Jersey Jardins, T 2011, Workbook to Accompany Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology: Essentials for Respiratory Care, Cengage Learning, New Jersey Jardins, T 2012, Cardiopulmonary Anatomy Physiology: Essentials of Respiratory Care, Cengage Learning, New Jersey, NJ. MacDonald, M 2009, Your Body: The Missing Manual, Sebastopol, Pogue Press, Belmont, CA. Marieb, E, 2003, Human Anatomy Physiology, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Los Angeles. Maton, A, Jean, H, Charles, W, McLaughlin, S, Wright, J 1993, Human Biology and Health, Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Richardson, D, Randall, C Speck, F 2005, IMS: Cardiopulmonary Physiology, 2nd ed. Macmilla n Publishers, New York Romer, A, Parsons, W, Thomas S 1977, The Vertebrate Body, Holt-Saunders International, Philadelphia Travis, SM, Conway, BA, Zabner, J 1999, â€Å"Activity of abundant antimicrobials of the human airway†, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 872–9. Wijkstrom-Frei, C, El-Chemaly, S, Ali-Rachedi, R 2003, â€Å"Lactoperoxidase and human airway host defense†, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology vol. 29 no. 2, pp. 206–12 This essay on Anatomy of the Human Chest was written and submitted by user Jaiden Hardy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Essay arguing that Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic hero of the play Antigone, written by Sophocles in 441 B.C.

Essay arguing that Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic hero of the play Antigone, written by Sophocles in 441 B.C. The Greek tragedy Antigone, written by Sophocles in 441 B.C., blurs the distinction of which character is the tragic hero in the play, Antigone or Creon. To investigate who the true tragic hero is in this drama, one must keep in mind the four qualities of a Greek hero: at © (temporary insanity), arete (great strength of some sort), a nemesis (an opposing force), and hubris (arrogance towards the gods). After looking at these four elements closely, it is obvious that Creon is the true tragic hero due to Antigone's lacking of a key quality.Temporary insanity, a quality that seems to be necessary to be found in a Greek tragic hero for the sake of the plot, is found in both of our leading characters in this tale. The incredibly strong will to defy the law of Creon and bury her brother can account for the temporary insanity that Antigone displays, because although she knows the consequences will be dire, she does not flinch.Antigone And The Body Of Polynices - Project Guten..."They say that Creon has sworn no one shall bury him, no one mourn for him... And now you can prove what you are: A true sister, or a traitor to your family,"(prologue, 19-27) Antigone said to Ismene, who responded by saying "Antigone, you are mad! What could I possible do?"(Prologue, 28). This shows the determination Antigone has, blind to Ismene's reasoning, and when Ismene begins to back down more, the conversation gets heated. Ismene says she will keep Antigone's plans a secret, and Antigone says "Oh tell it! Tell Everyone! Think how they'll hate you when it all comes out if they learn that you knew about it all the time!"(Prologue, 69-71). Ismene responds by saying "So fiery! You should be cold with fear."(Prologue, 72). Antigone's at © prevents...

CritiqueThe Article Marketing Myopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CritiqueThe Article Marketing Myopia - Essay Example Companies should satisfy customers through inventiveness and skill. The dry cleaning industry is currently an industry that is in turmoil. Innovations such as synthetic fibers and chemical additives have cut the need for dry cleaning. Utilities may be natural monopolies now, but in the future the rise of renewable energy sources such as solar can replace the need for the electric grid infrastructure. The supermarket industry is extremely competitive and has many participants. Market changes can alter the longevity and profitability of an industry. According to Levitt (2004) there is no such thing as a growth industry since there are only companies organized and operated to create and capitalize on growth opportunities. The oldest growth industry is the petroleum industry. The population myth is the belief that profits are assured by the expanding and more affluent population. In an expanding market companies often fail to apply imagination in its decision making. The petroleum indust ry is an example of an industry that has become complacent in its business practices due to the fact that the petroleum industry’s efforts have focused on improving the efficiency of getting and making its product, not really on improving the generic product or its marketing. This has cause innovation to be stagnant among industry participants. The development of superior alternative fuel has come from outside the oil industry. The oil industry is convinced that there is no substitute for its major product, gasoline. The most important innovation that had a great impact on the demand for crude oil was the invention of the combustion engine. The combustion engine created the demand for gasoline. An industry that is competing with the oil industry is natural gas. Natural gas serves as a substitute product of heating oil. The U.S. production of petrochemicals accounts for 2% of the demand of all petroleum products. The industry is growing at a rate of 10% per year. There is no g uaranteed for obsolesce of a product in the future. When companies focus too much on production their marketing efforts get neglected. Unit costs decline as production increases. Mass production creates greater pressure to move the product. Marketing oriented companies try to create value-satisfying goods and services that customers want to buy. The seller is supposed to get input from the buyer to determine what goods the seller should offer to its customer base. The automobile industry spends millions of dollars annually on consumer research. The Detroit auto industry has not been doing enough to satisfy the needs of the customers. Some of the weaknesses of the U.S auto industry are point of sales, automotive repair and maintenances. The mentality of the Detroit executives is that marketing is a consequence of the product instead of vice-versa. Henry Ford is the most brilliant and senseless marketer in American history. A concept discussed in the article that I believe is extremel y important is the emphasis on customer orientation instead of product orientation strategy. Focusing on the customer has become more important than ever in order to improve the customer retention rate of the enterprise. Competition is tougher than ever in virtually every industry. Today American companies face major competition from foreign companies. An advantage of the globalization movement is access to a large supply of